Innovations

This systematic literature review explores the adoption of student-centered learning in Ethiopian university classrooms, examining how global discourses from influential international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the World Bank promote a shift toward active, participatory pedagogies. Drawing on a rigorous analysis of peer reviewed articles, books, and policy documents sourced from electronic databases using targeted keywords, digital object identifiers (DOIs), and search engines, the study highlights the emphasis given for student centered learning for cultivating 21st century skills like critical thinking, collaboration, innovation, and entrepreneurship to meet the demands of the knowledge economy. However, the review identifies substantial implementation challenges in Ethiopia, including resource constraints, large class sizes, faculty resistance, and cultural norms favoring teacher centered methods. It underscores the essential need for contextual integration, advocating for adaptations that align global directives with local sociocultural, economic, and institutional realities to foster effective, equitable, and sustainable student centered learning in Ethiopian higher education.

In recent pandemic condition, the personal hygiene is considerable as vital factor more over it was recommended by WHO to protect us from life threatening Covid 19. Many companies formulated sanitizer using alcohol and other chemicals. With or without our knowledge we used them in excess to protect ourselves from dreadful condition. Most of the sanitizer were found to unwanted effect on the skin, allergic, causes environmental pollution and cost effective. So, we decided to formulate the sanitizer purely based on herbs without any chemical or artificial colour and perfumes.  An attempt was made to formulate and evaluate herbal hand sanitizer and herbal hand wash based available on earlier claims of our indigenous plants.  The formulations were evaluated for PH, stability test, organoleptic test and preliminary chemical test. The evaluation results were found to be within the standard limit. The presence of poly phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids and tannins were found by chemical test.  Both the formulations were tested for antimicrobial activity with bacterial species and fungal species. The selected bacterial species are bacillus subtitles (MTCC 6133), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687) & pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 7925) and fungal species. Hand sanitizer showed the very good suitability effect on the both fungal species and bacterial species. Hand wash shows the good sustainability effect on the bacterial species whereas the poor effect on the fungal species. Comparatively hand sanitizer shows the good antibacterial activity as well as antifungal activity against tested organism by agar well diffusion method. It shows that out of two formulations, hand sanitiser formula was found as good antimicrobial agent. The results of study was very encouraging to us.  

The chronic decline of the Ethiopian Men's National Football Team is rooted in a systemic failure to adopt modern sports and administrative innovations, leading to a state of organizational entropy. This manuscript synthesizes the findings across six objectives to propose a Regeneration Blueprint, a comprehensive, multi-level innovation strategy. The Blueprint targets the three critical failure areas: Governance Deficit, Technical Obsolescence, and Development Paralysis. Key mandates include: enforcing scientific periodization; establishing a nationwide youth academy network; creating a unified EFF-Ministry governance structure; and implementing rigorous performance evaluation and control. This strategy is not merely a call for reform, but an actionable, systemic innovation required to rebuild the foundation for competitive excellence over the next decade.  

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern, characterized by heterogeneous histopathological and molecular subtypes that influence prognosis and therapeutic response. Both modifiable factors, including lifestyle, diet, obesity, and alcohol use, and non-modifiable factors, such as genetics, hormonal influences, and family history, contribute to disease risk. Advances in diagnostic tools—mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and confirmatory biopsy—have improved early detection and accuracy. Current treatment strategies integrate surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, while non-pharmacological measures such as lifestyle modification and psychosocial support enhance outcomes. Despite progress, triple-negative breast cancer, accounting for 15–25% of cases, remains a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive course and limited responsiveness to conventional regimens. Male breast cancer, though rare, warrants equal recognition in diagnosis and management. Preventive strategies and awareness programs, such as Pink Ribbon initiatives, further improve survival through early detection. A comprehensive understanding of breast cancer biology, diagnostics, and personalized therapy is crucial, with future directions emphasizing precision medicine, predictive biomarkers, and innovative therapies tailored to individual tumor characteristics.  

The efficacy of Schinus molle and Azadirachta indica crude extracts and powders against Sitophilus granarius and their effects on wheat seed germination were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Leaf and seed extracts were prepared using ethanol and chloroform and applied at doses of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg per 200 g of wheat grain, while plant powders were tested at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg per 200 g. Mortality of S. granarius was recorded at intervals up to 120 hours. Both extracts and powders exhibited dose- and time-dependent insecticidal activity. Ethanol leaf extracts of S. molle and A. indica at 5 mg achieved 100% mortality within 72–96 hours, while S. molle powders at 10 mg induced 86.7–88.3% mortality after 120 hours. Seed powders of A. indica produced up to 91.7% mortality, whereas leaf powders were moderately effective. The positive control, malathion dust (5%), caused complete mortality at 24–48 hours, confirming assay reliability. Importantly, all plant extracts showed minimal impact on wheat seed germination, with rates ranging from 90.0% to 94.5%, comparable to untreated seeds (95.7%). These findings indicate that crude extracts and powders of S. molle and A. indica are effective, eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the management of S. granarius in stored wheat, without compromising seed viability.

The research conducts an in-depth analysis of the potential of post-apartheid South African poetry to bring social justice to South African learning institutions. In light of the fact that the post-apartheid poetry is filled with themes of liberation, survival, and rebuilding, it is apparent that it can talk about historical social imbalances for progress toward social justice inside the classroom. The study presents how selected poems of that period, in a close reading perspective, can be effectively used within educational settings for the development of high-order discussion around social justice, identity, and inequality. The resultant findings of this study support how literature shapes the ways students think about social and political realities and help them build empathy and a sense of responsibility. This therefore becomes a qualitative study informed by literary analysis of post-apartheid poetry and interviews with educators on the extent to which such poetry is integrated into current educational processes and related development of learners' understanding of issues pertaining to social justice. The study indeed found that contact with post-apartheid poetry increases the cultural heterogeneity of education and simultaneously transforms students into acute observers of life in society. The study therefore calls for a more conscious inclusion of post-apartheid poetry into the school curricula for social justice. Situating poetry within this context as an active agent of social change, the study adds to the various discourses on education's role with respect to addressing social injustices and promoting a just society.      

Electric vehicles are constantly gaining importance as the environmental issues become the topic of major global concern. Unlike conventional means of transportation, it relies on rechargeable batteries and become sustainable alternative. EVs offer multiple benefits such as zero emission, reduced dependency on fossil fuel, low operational costs and improved energy efficiency which ultimately promote sustainability. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis by using 204 research articles published between the years 2014 to 2024. For this purpose, data were retrieved from the Scopus database and was analysed with bibliometric tools like VOS viewer and Bibliometrix in R to identify major trends, influential authors, collaborative networks, and future trajectories in the research landscape of electric vehicles and purchase intention. This study contributes to the existing literature by mapping the intellectual landscape of EV researches and highlighting underdeveloped areas and thereby offering valuable guidance to scholars and practitioners working toward the global transition to clean mobility. The findings discloses that the research in this domain is continuously increasing specially after 2020 and China`s plays a dominant role in terms of publications, authors as well as affiliation`s contribution, global citation and collaboration network to advance the academia of electric vehicle. Thematic mapping further revealed that purchase intention, electric vehicle adoption, perceived risk, perceived value, and environmental concern are the prominent areas that remain underexplored, indicating potential for future research.  

Home gardens refer to the cultivation of small plots of land surrounding households, intended to diversify production and contribute to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The objective of this review is to examine the trends in home gardening practices in Ethiopia, assess their key characteristics, and identify the major challenges associated with their management. Relevant documents were selected following the PRISMA flow diagram, resulting in the inclusion of 42 articles out of 60. To assess temporal changes in home garden characteristics, trends from studies published between 2015–2019 were compared with those from 2020–2024. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between garden size and floristic composition, with significance determined at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05).When the first half of the decade is compared with the second, community engagement, floristic composition, and species diversity increased, while average home garden size decreased. Although most home garden plants are of native origin, the dominance of exotic species is becoming increasingly evident in some study sites. Ensete ventricosum was the most frequently recorded species in home gardens of Ethiopia. Food, income and medicine are found to be the major recorded use categories but with appearing trends of dominance of ornamental plants in urban areas. A moderate negative correlation (r = –0.480) was observed between floristic composition and home garden size at the study sites, although this correlation was statistically insignificant (p = 0.160). Lack of access to water, land, improved seeds, and the occurrence of diseases and pests were among the identified challenges. An increase in species richness and diversity despite declining home garden size, and the apparent dominance of exotic plant species in some urban and rural settings, underscores the need for further investigation.